The global race to the moon is intensifying.

Japan has recently achieved a soft landing on the moon's surface, becoming the fifth country to do so. However, moon landings are predicted to become more frequent in the coming years, with over 100 lunar missions expected to take place globally by 2030, as stated by the European Space Agency.

So why are all these countries eager to get back to the moon?

Michelle Hanlon, executive director at the Center for Air and Space Law at the University of Mississippi, stated that the moon serves as a proving ground for humanity to learn how to live in space and utilize its resources. This, in turn, is a stepping stone to the vast riches in the universe.

These countries and companies aim to acquire rare-earth metals and helium-3, which is abundant on the moon and can theoretically be utilized to power nuclear fusion reactors.

Hanlon stated that although there are numerous theories about utilizing the helium-3 on the moon to power the Earth, they have not yet determined the exact method. However, once they do, it could provide energy to the entire Earth for an extended period.

Besides being essential for human existence, water can also be utilized to produce rocket fuel, making the moon a potential refueling station and a stepping stone for further space exploration.

According to Dean Cheng, senior advisor for the China program at the United States Institute of Peace, whoever establishes a significant lunar presence is making a statement about their political system, economic system, and geopolitical competition. Additionally, there is a growing belief that there are significant resources on the moon that are useful to Earth or future space flight.

The video explains why the U.S. and China are currently leading the new moon race.